Editing EMP Pulse Blaster (section)

== Typical Frequency Range ==
The typical frequency range of electromagnetic waves spans from 1 kHz to 300 GHz. This broad spectrum encompasses various types of electromagnetic radiation, each with its own unique properties and applications.

* '''Low Frequencies (1 kHz - 3 MHz)''': Commonly used in power distribution systems, radio communications, and industrial applications such as induction heating.
* '''Medium Frequencies (3 MHz - 30 MHz)''': Often utilized in AM radio broadcasting, marine communication, and shortwave radio.
* '''High Frequencies (30 MHz - 300 MHz)''': Found in VHF television broadcasting, aviation communication, and mobile phones.
* '''Very High Frequencies (300 MHz - 3 GHz)''': Used in FM radio broadcasting, GPS systems, and satellite communication.
* '''Ultra High Frequencies (3 GHz - 30 GHz)''': Employed in microwave ovens, radar systems, and wireless LANs.
* '''Super High Frequencies (30 GHz - 300 GHz)''': Commonly found in millimeter-wave radar, satellite communication, and remote sensing applications.

=== Examples ===

* '''Low Frequencies (1 kHz - 3 MHz)''': Commonly used in power distribution systems, radio communications, and industrial applications such as induction heating.
** Power Distribution Systems:
*** Typical frequency range: 50 Hz - 60 Hz
*** Extremely low frequencies (ELF): Frequencies below 3 kHz, used in submarine communication due to their ability to penetrate water.
** Radio Communications:
*** AM radio broadcasting: 540 kHz - 1,700 kHz
**** Longwave Radio: Frequencies from 30 kHz to 300 kHz, utilized in time signal broadcasting and communication with submarines.
*** Very low frequencies (VLF): Frequencies from 3 kHz to 30 kHz, utilized in long-range radio communication and for studying lightning discharges in the Earth's atmosphere.
**** Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide: Frequencies from 3 kHz to 30 kHz, propagate through the Earth's atmosphere bounded by the ground and the ionosphere.
** Industrial Applications:
*** Induction Heating: Frequencies typically range from a few kHz to several MHz.
**** Medium Frequencies (MF): Frequencies from 300 kHz to 3 MHz, used in induction heating and dielectric heating processes.

* '''Medium Frequencies (3 MHz - 30 MHz)''': Often utilized in AM radio broadcasting, marine communication, and shortwave radio.
** Shortwave Radio:
*** Typically covers frequencies from around 3 MHz - 30 MHz.
**** Tropical Bands: Frequencies from 3.3 MHz to 5.85 MHz, used for broadcasting to tropical regions due to their long-range propagation characteristics.
** Marine Communication:
*** Frequencies allocated by international regulations, typically around 2 MHz - 25 MHz.
**** Navigational Aids: Frequencies allocated for marine navigation, including frequencies for radio beacons and emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs).
** AM Radio Broadcasting:
*** Typical frequency range: 530 kHz - 1,700 kHz.

* '''High Frequencies (30 MHz - 300 MHz)''': Found in VHF television broadcasting, aviation communication, and mobile phones.
** VHF Television Broadcasting:
*** Frequencies typically range from 54 MHz to 216 MHz (channels 2 through 13 in the United States).
**** Band I: Channels 2 through 6, covering frequencies from 54 MHz to 88 MHz.
**** Band III: Channels 7 through 13, covering frequencies from 174 MHz to 216 MHz.
** Mobile Phones:
*** Cellular networks operate within various frequency bands, including 700 MHz - 2700 MHz for 4G LTE and 5G.
**** LTE Bands: Various frequency bands allocated for Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks, including bands for different regions and applications.
** Aviation Communication:
*** Air Traffic Control: Frequencies between 108 MHz - 137 MHz for VHF communication.
**** VHF Omni-directional Range (VOR): Frequencies between 108.0 MHz - 117.95 MHz, used for short-range navigation by aircraft equipped with VOR receivers.

* '''Very High Frequencies (300 MHz - 3 GHz)''': Used in FM radio broadcasting, GPS systems, and satellite communication.
** Satellite Communication:
*** Ka-band satellite communication: Frequencies around 26.5 GHz - 40 GHz.
**** Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS): Frequencies from 12.2 GHz to 12.7 GHz, used for satellite television broadcasting.
** FM Radio Broadcasting:
*** Frequencies typically range from 88 MHz to 108 MHz.
**** NOAA Weather Radio: Frequencies from 162.4 MHz to 162.55 MHz, used for continuous weather broadcasts in the United States.
** GPS Systems:
*** GPS satellites transmit signals in L-band frequencies, around 1.2 GHz - 1.6 GHz.
**** L1 Frequency: GPS signals centered around 1575.42 MHz, used for civilian positioning and timing.
**** L2 Frequency: GPS signals centered around 1227.60 MHz, used for military and high-precision applications.

* '''Ultra High Frequencies (3 GHz - 30 GHz)''': Employed in microwave ovens, radar systems, and wireless LANs.
** Radar Systems:
*** X-band radar: Frequencies around 8 GHz - 12 GHz.
**** Weather Radar: Frequencies between 5.3 GHz and 5.9 GHz, used for detecting precipitation and severe weather phenomena.
** Wireless LANs:
*** Wi-Fi operates in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.
**** IEEE 802.11 Standards: Wi-Fi standards specifying operation in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, including variants like 802.11b/g/n and 802.11a/ac.
** Microwave Ovens:
*** Operate at a frequency of around 2.45 GHz (ISM band).
**** Industrial Microwaves: Frequencies around 915 MHz, used in industrial heating processes and materials processing.

* '''Super High Frequencies (30 GHz - 300 GHz)''': Commonly found in millimeter-wave radar, satellite communication, and remote sensing applications.
** Terahertz Imaging:
*** Frequencies range from 300 GHz to 3 THz.
**** Medical Imaging: Terahertz imaging used in medical applications for non-invasive imaging of biological tissues.
** Millimeter-Wave Radar:
*** Frequencies typically range from 24 GHz - 100 GHz.
**** Automotive Radar: Frequencies around 77 GHz, used in automotive safety systems like adaptive cruise control and collision avoidance.

* '''THz Frequencies (300 GHz - 3 THz)''': Used in terahertz imaging and spectroscopy for various scientific and industrial applications.
** Terahertz Imaging:
*** Medical Imaging:
**** Frequencies around 0.3 THz (300 GHz) to 1 THz are commonly employed for terahertz medical imaging due to their optimal balance between tissue penetration and spatial resolution.
**** Example: Terahertz imaging systems operating at 0.8 THz provide high-resolution images for identifying skin cancer lesions and dental cavities.
*** Security Screening:
**** Frequencies ranging from 1 THz to 2 THz are preferred for security screening applications, as they offer good sensitivity to concealed objects while minimizing absorption by clothing and other materials.
**** Example: Security scanners operating at 1.5 THz are effective in detecting weapons and explosives hidden under clothing.
** Terahertz Spectroscopy:
*** Material Characterization:
**** Frequencies between 0.3 THz and 2 THz are commonly used for terahertz spectroscopy in material characterization applications, allowing for detailed analysis of molecular vibrations and rotations.
**** Example: Terahertz spectroscopy systems operating at 1.8 THz provide valuable insights into the structure and properties of polymers and thin films.
*** Pharmaceutical Research:
**** Frequencies in the range of 0.5 THz to 3 THz are utilized in pharmaceutical research for studying the composition and behavior of pharmaceutical compounds, facilitating drug development and formulation.
**** Example: Terahertz spectrometers operating at 2.5 THz enable researchers to analyze the crystalline structure of pharmaceutical ingredients and monitor the dissolution kinetics of tablets.
*** Non-Destructive Testing:
**** Frequencies from 0.3 THz to 1.5 THz are commonly employed in non-destructive testing applications to inspect materials such as coatings, polymers, and pharmaceutical tablets, enabling precise detection of defects and inconsistencies.
**** Example: Terahertz imaging systems operating at 1.2 THz provide detailed scans of composite materials used in aerospace components, ensuring structural integrity and quality control.


* '''PHz Frequencies (3 THz - 30 THz)''': Investigated in far-infrared astronomy for studying molecular clouds, star formation, and interstellar dust.
** Submillimeter Astronomy:
*** Frequencies between 0.3 THz and 3 THz, used for studying molecular gas and dust in the interstellar medium.
** Terahertz Spectroscopy:
*** Frequencies used for molecular spectroscopy in the terahertz range, enabling the study of molecular rotational transitions.

* '''EHz Frequencies (Above 30 THz)''': Explored in the realm of optical and ultraviolet astronomy for observing celestial objects using visible light and beyond.
** Infrared Astronomy:
*** Frequencies between 300 GHz and 430 THz, used for studying cool objects in the universe such as protostars, dust clouds, and the cosmic microwave background.
** Visible Light:
*** Frequencies between 430 THz and 750 THz, allowing astronomers to observe celestial objects in the optical spectrum.
**** Optical Telescopes: Instruments designed to collect and focus visible light for astronomical observations.
** Ultraviolet Astronomy:
*** Frequencies between 750 THz and 30 PHz, used for studying hot, young stars, quasars, and the intergalactic medium.
**** Space Telescopes: Instruments like the Hubble Space Telescope equipped with ultraviolet detectors for observing ultraviolet light from celestial objects.

** Beyond Gamma Rays:
*** Frequencies above 10 ZHz, including ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and theoretical phenomena like gamma-ray bursts with energies beyond the gamma-ray spectrum.
**** Gamma-Ray Astronomy: Observations of gamma rays with energies above 10 ZHz, revealing sources such as pulsars, black holes, and supernova remnants.