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=== Electron-Phonon Interaction === The interaction between electrons and phonons in a material is a key factor in determining electrical resistance and superconductivity. The Hamiltonian for this interaction is: <math>H_{e-ph} = \sum_{k,q} g_q c_k^\dagger c_{k+q} (a_q + a_{-q}^\dagger)</math> where: * <math>H_{e-ph}</math> is the electron-phonon interaction Hamiltonian, * <math>g_q</math> is the electron-phonon coupling constant, * <math>c_k^\dagger</math> and <math>c_{k+q}</math> are the electron creation and annihilation operators, * <math>a_q</math> and <math>a_{-q}^\dagger</math> are the phonon annihilation and creation operators. This interaction is critical in the study of materials that exhibit superconductivity. <sub>''Caption:'' These equations represent key mathematical concepts that describe the behavior and interactions of quasiparticles in condensed matter systems.''</sub>
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