EMP Pulse Blaster

Electro Magnetic Pulse - Pulse Blaster

Parameters

Parameter	Value/Equation
Range (r)	13 meters
Energy Density	$5\times 10^{5}$ to $10^{6}$ joules/m $^{3}$
Total Energy Output	$4.601\times 10^{9}$ joules
Voltage Output (High-Voltage Generator Modules)	3000V, 4000V, 400kV, 1MV

**Energy Density**: The energy density of the electromagnetic field.
- $E={\frac {B^{2}}{2\mu _{0}}}$ $E={\frac {B^{2}}{2\mu _{0}}}$
  - Where:
    - $E$ is the energy density in joules per cubic meter (J/m $^{3}$ )
    - $B$ is the magnetic flux density in teslas (T)
    - $\mu _{0}$ is the permeability of free space ( $4\pi \times 10^{-7}$ H/m)

**Volume of a Sphere**: Used to calculate the volume of the area affected by the EMP.
- $V={\frac {4}{3}}\pi r^{3}$ $V={\frac {4}{3}}\pi r^{3}$
  - Where:
    - $V$ is the volume in cubic meters (m $^{3}$ )
    - $r$ is the radius of the sphere in meters (m)

**Power Output (General)**: The power output during the EMP pulse.
- ${\text{Power Output}}={\frac {\text{Total Energy Output}}{\text{Pulse Duration}}}$ ${\text{Power Output}}={\frac {\text{Total Energy Output}}{\text{Pulse Duration}}}$
  - Where:
    - Power Output is in watts (W)
    - Total Energy Output is in joules (J)
    - Pulse Duration is in seconds (s)

**Capacitor Energy Storage**: The energy stored in a capacitor.
- $E={\frac {1}{2}}CV^{2}$ $E={\frac {1}{2}}CV^{2}$
  - Where:
    - $E$ is the energy stored in joules (J)
    - $C$ is the capacitance in farads (F)
    - $V$ is the voltage in volts (V)

**Inductance of a Coil**: The inductance of a coil used in the EMP generator.
- $L={\frac {N^{2}\mu _{0}\mu _{r}A}{l}}$ $L={\frac {N^{2}\mu _{0}\mu _{r}A}{l}}$
  - Where:
    - $L$ is the inductance in henries (H)
    - $N$ is the number of turns
    - $\mu _{0}$ is the permeability of free space ( $4\pi \times 10^{-7}$ H/m)
    - $\mu _{r}$ is the relative permeability of the core material
    - $A$ is the cross-sectional area of the coil in square meters (m $^{2}$ )
    - $l$ is the length of the coil in meters (m)

**Magnetic Flux**: The magnetic flux through a coil.
- $\Phi =BA\cos(\theta )$ $\Phi =BA\cos(\theta )$
  - Where:
    - $\Phi$ is the magnetic flux in webers (Wb)
    - $B$ is the magnetic flux density in teslas (T)
    - $A$ is the area in square meters (m $^{2}$ )
    - $\theta$ is the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the surface

**Faraday’s Law of Induction**: The induced voltage in a coil.
- $V=-N{\frac {d\Phi }{dt}}$ $V=-N{\frac {d\Phi }{dt}}$
  - Where:
    - $V$ is the induced voltage in volts (V)
    - $N$ is the number of turns
    - ${\frac {d\Phi }{dt}}$ is the rate of change of magnetic flux in webers per second (Wb/s)

**Resonant Frequency of LC Circuit**: The frequency at which the LC circuit resonates.
- $f_{0}={\frac {1}{2\pi {\sqrt {LC}}}}$ $f_{0}={\frac {1}{2\pi {\sqrt {LC}}}}$
  - Where:
    - $f_{0}$ is the resonant frequency in hertz (Hz)
    - $L$ is the inductance in henries (H)
    - $C$ is the capacitance in farads (F)

**Magnetic Field of a Solenoid**: The magnetic field inside a solenoid.
- $B=\mu _{0}{\frac {N}{l}}I$ $B=\mu _{0}{\frac {N}{l}}I$
  - Where:
    - $B$ is the magnetic field in teslas (T)
    - $\mu _{0}$ is the permeability of free space ( $4\pi \times 10^{-7}$ H/m)
    - $N$ is the number of turns
    - $l$ is the length of the solenoid in meters (m)
    - $I$ is the current in amperes (A)

**Heat Dissipation in Resistors**: The power dissipated as heat in a resistor.
- $P=I^{2}R$ $P=I^{2}R$
  - Where:
    - $P$ is the power in watts (W)
    - $I$ is the current in amperes (A)
    - $R$ is the resistance in ohms (Ω)

**Ohm’s Law**: The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.
- $V=IR$ $V=IR$
  - Where:
    - $V$ is the voltage in volts (V)
    - $I$ is the current in amperes (A)
    - $R$ is the resistance in ohms (Ω)

**Electromagnetic Wave Equation**: Describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
- $\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} -\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}\mathbf {E} }{\partial t^{2}}}=0$ $\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} -\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}\mathbf {E} }{\partial t^{2}}}=0$
  - Where:
    - $\mathbf {E}$ is the electric field in volts per meter (V/m)
    - $\mu _{0}$ is the permeability of free space ( $4\pi \times 10^{-7}$ H/m)
    - $\epsilon _{0}$ is the permittivity of free space ( $8.854\times 10^{-12}$ F/m)
    - $t$ is the time in seconds (s)

**Energy Storage and Management**
- Super Capacitors
  - Capacitor Cells
  - Connecting Wires
  - SubModules
    - Capacitor Bank
      - Multiple super capacitors connected in series or parallel
    - Charging Circuit
      - Ensures capacitors are charged safely and efficiently
    - Discharge Mechanism
      - Rapid release of stored energy

**High-Voltage Generation**
- High-Voltage Generators
  - Transformer
  - Rectifier Circuit
  - Switching Mechanism
  - SubModules
    - Control Unit
      - Microcontroller or PLC for managing switching
    - Voltage Multiplier
      - Series of capacitors and diodes to increase voltage
    - SubComponents
      - Inductor Coils
      - Diodes
      - Switching Transistors

**Electromagnetic Field Creation**
- Coils
  - Wire
  - Core Material
  - SubModules
    - Primary Coil
    - Secondary Coil
  - SubComponents
    - Insulation Material
    - Mounting Brackets
- Magnet Arrays
  - Magnets
  - Magnet Holders
  - SubModules
    - Focusing Array
    - Blocking Array
  - SubComponents
    - Shielding Material

**Pulse Control and Modulation**
- Pulse Control Circuitry
  - Timing Circuit
  - Modulation Unit
  - SubModules
    - Oscillator
    - Amplifier
  - SubComponents
    - Capacitors
    - Resistors

**Power Supply**
- Batteries
  - Battery Cells
  - Battery Management System (BMS)
  - SubModules
    - Charging Circuit
    - Protection Circuit
  - SubComponents
    - Thermal Sensors
    - Fuses

**Safety and Regulatory Compliance**
- Safety Features
  - Overcurrent Protection
  - Voltage Regulation
  - SubModules
    - Circuit Breakers
    - Surge Protectors
  - SubComponents
    - Insulation Materials
    - Safety Relays

**Wire Gauge and Thermal Management**
- Wire
- Heat Sinks
- SubModules
  - - Cooling Fans
    - Thermal Paste
- SubComponents
  - - Temperature Sensors
    - Thermal Cutoffs

**Integration and Compatibility**
- Connectors
- Mounting Hardware
- SubModules
  - - Interface Boards
    - Compatibility Testing Units
- SubComponents
  - - Screws and Fasteners
    - Alignment Tools

**Safety Features**
- Overcurrent Protection
- Voltage Regulation
- Insulation Monitoring

Wire Gauge: Determine based on current and temperature rise.
Amps and Volts: Dependent on design and requirements.
Efficiency and Losses: Consider efficiency of components and system.
Integration and Compatibility: Ensure compatibility and effective integration of components.
Environmental Factors: Consider atmospheric conditions and electromagnetic interference.